Fog computing, applications , security and challenges, review

The internet of things originates a world where on daily basis objects can join the internet and interchange information and in addition process, store, gather them from the nearby environment, and effectively mediate on it. A remarkable number of services might be imagined by abusing the internet of things. Fog computing which is otherwise called edge computing was introduced in 2012 as a considered is a prioritized choice for the internet of things applications. As fog computing extend services of cloud near to the edge of the network and make possible computations, communications, and storage services in proximity to the end user. Fog computing cannot only provide low latency, location awareness but also enhance real-time applications, quality of services, mobility, security and privacy in the internet of things applications scenarios. In this paper, we will summarize and overview fog computing model architecture, characteristic, similar paradigm and various applications in real-time scenarios such as smart grid, traffic control system and augmented reality. Finally, security challenges are presented

Minimizing information asymmetry interference using optimal channel assignment strategy in wireless mesh networks

Multi-radio multi-channel wireless mesh networks (MRMC-WMNs) in recent years are considered as the prioritized choice for users due to its low cost and reliability. MRMCWMNs is recently been deployed widely across the world but still these kinds of networks face interference problems among WMN links. One of the well-known interference issue is information asymmetry (IA). In case of information asymmetry interference the source mesh nodes of different mesh links cannot sense each other before transmitting data on the same frequency channel. This non-coordination leads to data collision and packet loss of data flow and hence degrades the network capacity. To maximize the MRMC-WMN capacity and minimize IA interference, various schemes for optimal channel assignment have been proposed already. In this research a novel and near-optimal channel assignment model called Information Asymmetry Minimization (IAM) model is proposed based on integer linear programming. The proposed IAM model optimally assigns orthogonal or non-overlapping channels from IEEE 802.11b technology to various MRMC-WMN links. Through extensive simulations we show that our proposed model gives 28.31% network aggregate network capacity improvement over the existing channel assignment model

Information extraction from semi and unstructured data sources: a systematic literature review

Millions of structured, semi structured and unstructured documents have been produced around the globe on a daily basis. Sources of such documents are individuals as well as several research societies like IEEE, Elsevier, Springer and Wiley that we use to publish the scientific documents enormously. These documents are a huge resource of scientific knowledge for research communities and interested users around the world. However, due to their massive volume and varying document formats, search engines are facing problems in indexing such documents, thus making retrieval of information inefficient, tedious and time consuming. Information extraction from such documents is among the hottest areas of research in data/text mining. As the number of such documents is increasing tremendously, more sophisticated information extraction techniques are necessary. This research focuses on reviewing and summarizing existing state-of-theart techniques in information extraction to highlight their limitations. Consequently, the research gap is formulated for the researchers in information extraction domain

An In-Silico Approach for the Prediction of miRNAs in Merkel Cell Polyoma Virus and its Target Genes

Background: For last five years, as technological advancement occurs, novel kinds of human generation viruses’ discovery have been increased. A rare human cancer associated virus Merkel’s Cell polyomavirus (MCPyV or MCV) got remarkable attraction among the newly discovered viruses. As a common human virus MCPyV infection frequently found in skin and also occurs at other anatomical sites. Methods: In this study, the in-silico screening of miRNAs from MCPyV was done, as the computational screening procedures are functionally vital, efficient and inexpensive for the said purpose. Results: Primarily 52 sequences, possessing possible hairpin-like structures, were extracted from MCPyV genome by searching through VMir software using various filters. 17 nominees were confirmed with real pre-miRNA like hairpin organizations by iMiRNA-SSF program. Further seven nominees were excluded by free energy measurement and other parameters. 10 mature miRNAs were affirmed in 10 impending candidates for pre-miRNAs by MatureBayes web server v1.0, among these 10 candidates 2 were reported already by earlier studies. The homologous miRNA for these candidates were searched in mirBase. To find the target gene and its relevant diseases the best homologous miRNAs were then searched in Target Scan. Among all miRNAs Cancer was found to be common. Conclusion: These findings open new avenues for researchers to explore the role of these novel miRNAs in viral pathogenesis as well as in developing new antiviral therapy.

Assessment Of Iba (Indole Butyric Acid) Levels And Planting Time For Rooting And Growth Of Alstonia Cuttings

An experiment to assess different levels of IBA (Indole Butyric Acid) and planting time on rooting and growth of Alstonia cuttings was conducted at Ornamental Horticulture Nursery, Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan. The experiment was carried out using RCBD design with split plot arrangement. There were five levels of IBA 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% that were prepared by mixing IBA with talc powder. Cuttings were obtained from healthy, vigorous growing trees which were 15-20 cm long and 2-3 nodes. Leaves were removed from the cuttings and were treated with IBA than planted in plastic bags filled with mixture of sand, clay and FYM with the ratio of 1:1:1 on three different planting times 15th March, 30th March and 14th April. IBA level of 10% showed best results regarding leaf area plant-1(26.032 cm2), sprout length(18.096 cm), stem diameter (14.44 mm), number of roots plant-1 (15.613), root diameter (3.412 mm) while number of  leaves plant-1 (17.27), root length (14.24 cm) and survival percentage (70%) was best recorded when treated with IBA at level of 5%. However, sprouting percentage and days to bud sprouting were not significantly affected by different levels of IBA. It is observed from the study that there was no significant effect of planting time over any parameter however good results were observed in cuttings planted at 14th April regarding leaf area plant-1, sprout length, stem diameter, number of roots plant-1, number of leaves plant-1, root length, root diameter and survival percentage while sprouting percentage and days to bud sprouting were best when planted at 15th March. IBA at 10% level and 14th April as planting time resulted in overall best performance and hence recommended for treating and planting cuttings of Alstonia. Keywords: Alstonia, Growth attribute, Planting times, IBA

MinION as a Teaching tool in a Graduate course in Pakistan

Genomics is a rapidly evolving field of study that is increasingly being utilized as a tool to detect ethnic and tribal-specific mutations that may be the key to rare and common diseases with higher prevalence in the population under study [1]. However, researchers and science educators in remote areas can often find it difficult to access the latest genetic technologies, probably due to its high costs and lack of suitable infrastructure. Recent technological innovations are resulting in portable, low-cost instruments that enable next-generation sequencing in remote environments, offering new opportunities to generate a more widespread network of trained geneticists [2]. We need to formalize educational efforts to teach students and young researchers with hands-on training to excel in molecular and bioinformatics knowledge. Here, we report our experience of using the MinION pocket size sequencer in a graduate course. The graduate course had some theoretical lectures that explained the basic principles of genomics followed be practical sessions. We hope that the training material developed during this course will provide the community with useful tools to help educate future generations of genome scientists in Pakistan.

Susceptibility Assessment of Single Gully Debris Flow Based on AHP and Extension Method

Debris flow mainly happens in mountainous areas all around the world with deadly social and economic impacts. With the speedy development of the mountainous economy, the debris flow susceptibility evaluation in the mountainous areas is of crucial importance for the safety of mountainous life and economy. Yunnan province of China is one of the worst hitting areas by debris flow in the world. In this paper, debris flow susceptibility assessment of Datong and Taicun gully near the first bend of Jinsha River has been done with the help of site investigation and GIS and remote sensing techniques. Eight causative factors, including slope, topographic wetness index, sediments transport index, ground roughness, basin area, bending coefficient, source material, and normalised difference vegetation index, have been selected for debris flow susceptibility evaluation. Analytical hierarchy process combined with Extension method has been used to calculate the susceptibility level of Datong and Taicun gullies. The evaluation result shows that both the gullies have a moderate susceptibility to debris flow. The result suggests that all the ongoing engineering projects such as mining and road construction work should be done with all precautionary measures, and the excavated material should adequately store in the gullies. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091702 Full Text: PD

Phylogenetic study of 46 Ancient Mitochondrial Human Genomes

Background: In the third era of ancient DNA field, it has endured the mesmerising modifications, which should be revealed. From side to side period, analysis of mitochondrial DNA permits to determine the evolutionary relationship among the species, to expose the terrestrial roots of the entities, to standardise the molecular clocks and to study the demographic pasts. Methods: In the current study we used bioinformatics tools for prediction of mitochondrial haplogroups and phylogenetic analysis. The ancient complete mitochondrial genomes were retrieved from online resources and were further used for phylogenetic analysis to know the evolutionary position of the ancient populations lived thousands of years ago. Results: We aligned 46 ancient genomes, collected online and estimated trees by using neighbour-joining, maximum parsimony and maximum-likelihood. Support for nodes was assessed with bootstrap replicates. During our analysis a strong bond between genomes of Altai Neanderthal, Motala 12, Motala 1, Loschbour, Ust'-Ishim, LBK, Mezmaiskaya Neanderthal, Denisova, RISE391(ERR844272), Clovis Anzick-1, RISE395(ERR844275) and RISE210(ERR844262) were found. In this context these ancient samples recommended the presence of a mutual earliest genomic signature. Conclusion: A significant population immigrations and alternates, accountable for influencing main parts of current demographic structure together in Europe and Asia is supported by the Bot15 (ERR668415) and RISE family. In the initial bronze period, ancestral similarity among these populations also share the theorised blow-out of Indo-European languages. Mechanisms of pathogen development and alteration for evolving and reappearing toxicities is also explained by this study. We aim that this study will help researchers in understanding the evolutionary position of ancient populations resided around the world.

Critical retrospective analysis of various types of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) at HUSM (2006-2007)

To find the true incidence of various types of Bladder dysfunction (NLUTD) among neurological, neuro surgical lesions and post OBG status during 2006-2007 at HUSM